IPCC ISSUES MORE NO-METHANE NON-SCIENCE! JUST MORE BS FOR THE BILLIONAIRE FAU LIBERALS! "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC" EXPLODES SIBERIAN METHANE! CAUSING HYPER-EXPONENTIAL METHANE RELEASE! "HOT STUFF!" ARISES TO INSURE "It Is THE END!"

"​UKRAINE" . . Volodymyr Zelenskyy . . "GOD" . . IS . . "ON YOUR SIDE!" . . 
"GOD IS WITH YOU!" . . "YOU ARE IN THE RIGHT!" . . "GOD LOVES YOU!" . . "PUTIN FLIPPED!"

PUTIN IS . . "LIVING OUT HIS BOYHOOD DREAM OF A . . UNIFIED . . USSR!" . . HE IS ALSO!
A . . "MONEY MONSTER DON" . . UNDERSTUDY TO . . "XI.JING PING AND MAGELOVICH!"

"THE XI / MOGOLOVICH/ VLAD TATERSHIP!" . AND . THE "KOCH BIN SALMAN KOCHTOPUS!"
. . HORRIFIC . . "INVERTED TOTALITARIAN TATERSHIP!" . . ARE . .

CHALLENGING THEIR . . "DICK SIZE!" . . WHICH ARE . . "THE MORE RUTHLESS DICKS?!"

'THE XI / MOGOLOVICH / VLAD TATERSHIP" . . IS . . PLANNING ON DOMINATING! . . NOW!

"THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "THE PLANET OF THE TATERS & THE LICKERS!"

"MESSAGE FROM GOD!" . . TO SOLVE THE SUB PROBLEM . . USE TRAINED COLLEGE KIDS!
. . NOT TRAINED IN POLICING AND SHOOTING! . . BUT IN HOW TO SPOT POSSIBLE ISSUES!
. . TRAINED IN HOW TO CALL FOR HELP! . . TRAINED IN HOW TO DIRECT PEOPLE!

THESE CAN BE UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE STUDENTS: POLICE CANDIDATES & HOPEFULS!
. . THERE ARE LARGE POOLS OF YOUNG PEOPLE THAT WOULD LOVE TO . . HELP!

GIVEN I WATCH . . SLYNG TV! . . MY PROFESSIONAL PROFILE OF THIS PERSON IS . . 
. . HE FLIPPED! . . HE WANTED OTHERS TO SUFFER! . . TO BE AFRAID! . . LIKE HE IS!
. . HOW CAN YOU POSSIBLY FIRE A GUN RIGHT NEXT TO LOTS OF PEOPLE!
. . AND . . NOT KILL ANYONE! . . MY GUESS! . . HE FLIPPED! . . HE NEEDS HELP!
. . HE IS LIKELY . . "OFF GRID!" . . WOULD HE DO IT AGAIN? . . HOPEFULLY NOT!

"SIC EM" . . "HOT STUFF!" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" . . BURNS UP . . 
. . "THE KOCHTOPUS" . . "THE EVIL RICH!" . . "YOU WANTED PLANET EVIL GREED!" . . 
. . "FOR YOU AND YOURS!" . . MESSAGE FROM GOD . . "IT IS YOURS!" . . "VERY SOON!"
. . "WE HOPE YOU LIKE WHAT YOU HAVE DONE TO THE PLACE!" . . JUST REMEMBER . . 
. . "IT IS . . THE RATH OF THE IMPACTS OF YOUR PURE EVIL GREED!" YOU WILL SUFFER IN!

THIS IS . . "THE FINAL TESTAMENT OF JESUS, SARAYU, MAMMA AND FATHER!" . . TO . . 
. . PRIMARILY . . "THE EVIL MONEY MONSTERS" . . AND . . "THEIR EVIL MONEY SLUTS!"
. . "YOU" . . HAVE CHOSEN . . "MONEY!" . . OVER . . "GOD!" . . NOW . . "YOU WILL SUFFER!"
. . "THE HORRIFIC HELL OF HELLS" . . "YOU" . . "DAMNED . . 'ME' . . TO SUFFER IN!"
. . THAT . . "YOU" . . "DAMNED MY CHILDREN MY SPECIES AND MY PLANET TO SUFFER IN!"

"FOR WHATEVER . . YOU DO TO . . THE LEAST OF THESE!" . . "YOU HAVE DONE TO ME!"
"FOR WHATEVER . . YOU DO NOT DO . . TO THE LEAST OF THESE!" "YOU DID NOT DO TO ME!"

"YOU PURE EVIL RICH MONEY MONSTERS" . . AND . . "THEIR EVIL MONEY WHORES!"
. . HAVE AND HAVE HAD . . "THE MONEY" . . "TO FOLLOW . . GOD'S WILL BE DONE!" . . ON . . 
. . "EARTH" . . AS IT IS . . "IN HEAVEN!" . . "SUSTAINABLE HUMANE AND EGALITARIAN!"
. . "THE SHE MATRIARCAL NORDIC MODEL!" . . NOTABLY DENMARK & FINLAND!

INSTEAD . . "YOU MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE" DID "JUST WHAT ADAM SMITH WARNED!"
. . WOULD SIGNAL . . "THE FAILURE OF CAPITALISM!" . . IF . . "THE VEIL MAXUM!"
. . REMAINED . . "ALL . . FOR US!" . . "NONE . . FOR . . THE REST!"

"MANY WILL SAY TO ME!" . . LORD LORD . . I HAVE SUPPORTED "PASTOR BRIBE ME!"
. . AND . . GIVE . . 10% (THINKING 1%) . . TO . . "THE CHURCH OF THE ALMIGHTY DOLLAR!"
. . I AM ON . . "THE REPUBLICAN WOMEN'S COMMITTEE TO DAMN THE GTLBX LIBERALS!"

AND I WILL SAY TO THEM . . "DEPART FROM ME!" "YE THAT WORK . . HORRIFIC INIQUITY!"
. . AND HER RESPONSE MAY BE! . . "WHAT'S INIQUITY!?" . . "WAIT!" . . "WHAT'S INIQUITY?"
. . "WHY AM I NOT BEING TAKEN UP TO HEAVEN?" OMG! . . HEEELP! . . PLEASE!

​PLEASE SEE THE FOLLOWING POST: THIS IS "SATAN'S MAFIA GLOBAL DEPOPULATION & POLICE STATE AGENDA!" "THEY ARE KILLING US!" THE NORDIC COUNTRIES - THE ONLY REAL DEMOCRACIES - SWEDEN VS DENMARK - VS THE TOTALITARIAN EMPIRES: SATAN'S EMPIRE - XI JINPING'S & VLAD'S EMPIRES! "THANK GOD!" "It Is THE END!"

BEAM ME UP! . . PAPPA! . . MOTHER! . . MAMMA! . . FATHER! . . "I'M DONE!" . . 
. . "I DID WHAT YOU ASKED!" . . "CAN I COME HOME NOW?!" . . OR . . "YOU COME DOWN!"
. . PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE! . . WITH HUGGS AND KISSES! . . XOXOXOXOX . . JAZZIE!

TO THE . . "GOOD PEOPLE OF . . PLANET EVIL GREED!" . . JUST BE . . "A GOOD PERSON!"
. . IF YOU REALLY WANT TO GET . . "CLOSER TO GOD!" . . JUST DO AS MY "SOUL SISTER!"

TORI KELLY . . SO SPIRITUALLY GOD BLESSED SINGS . . "LORD HELP ME TO LOVE OTHERS!"
. . "THE WAY THAT . . YOU LOVE ME!" . . THE LINKED SONG! . . "TELLS THE WHOLE TORI!"

LIVE LIKE . . THE PLANET IS DYING! . . LOVE MORE! LOVE MORE PEOPLE! . . BE KIND!
. . GIVE TO . . THOSE IN NEED! . . AS OFTEN AND AS MUCH AS YOU CAN! 
. . LOVE GOD! . . WITH ALL OF . . YOUR PASSION! . . YOUR WEALTH! . . YOUR SOUL!

​AND . . I WILL SEE YOU AT . . "THE SECOND COMING!" . . SOON! . . GOD BLESS YOU! JAZZIE!

Matthew 7:20-25
King James Version

20 Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.

PLEASE SEE THIS POST: "THE LOGIC OF THE GOD OF LOVE!" - "JESUS CHRIST" . .

"THE FIRST RADICAL PACIFIST SUSTAINABLE HUMANIST EGALITARIAN DEMOCRATIC MARKET SOCIALIST!" 

"MEDICARE FOR ALL - CHRISTIAN!" "CAPITALISM IS SATANISM!" JANUARY HOTTEST ON RECORD! THE ANTI-CHRISTIANS ARE KILLING US! IN CHRIST'S NAME! PRAY FOR THEM! Medicare For All Would Save More Than 68,000 Lives And $450 Billion Every Year, According To New Study!

21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.

22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works?

23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.

iniquity

Immoral or grossly unfair behavior.

PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POST: PURE EVIL INIQUITY OF WEALTH INCOME & JUSTICE! SATAN’S EMPIRE - ANTI-CHRISTIAN SATANISTS - FLEECE & KILL US - IN - GOD’S NAME! THOSE WHO - "WORK INIQUITY" - THOSE WHO - "DO NOT" - "TAKE CARE OF THOSE IN NEED" - “FRY IN HELL!” “It Is THE END!”

"PRAYER FOR . . THE SECOND COMING!" . . & . . "THE FORGIVENESS OF SINS!"

"FATHER MOTHER MAMMA AND PAPPA!" . . OR . . JUST . . "JESUS LORD GOD" . . PLEASE . . 
"COME SOON!" . . AND "FORGIVE MORE!" . . PLEASE BLESS THOSE ALREADY SUFFERING "HELL ON EARTH!" DUE TO THE PURE EVIL GREED OF THE FEW. PLEASE FORGIVE US . . FOR THE WAY WE, THE WAY "I" . . "WORKED INIQUITY!" . . PLEASE FORGIVE ME FOR THE WAY . . "MY FREE WILL" . . LEAD ME AWAY FROM . . YOUR LOVE!

SO THAT I MAY BE BLESSED TO . . "SPEND ETERNITY IN YOUR LOVE!" . . OF THIS I PRAY!

IN YOUR NAME JESUS, SARAYU, MAMMA AND FATHER! . . I LOVE YOU SOOO! . . AMEN!

"THE SECOND COMING" HOPEFULLY . . "THIS SLAVELANDIA DAY!" . . "JULY 4TH!" BY 2027!
. . FREEDOM OF . . THE SLAVES! . . FROM . . THE RUTHLESS RICH SLAVE OWNERS!

"THE FINAL JUDGEMENT" . . SHORTLY THEREAFTER! . . "NO HURRY!" . . "ENJOY HELL!"

"COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC" . . FULFILLS . . CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY"
. . "AT THE END TIMES . . IT WILL BE AS IT WAS IN THE TIME OF . . NOAH!" . . 
. . "ONE DAY NORMAL!" . . THE NEXT DAY . . "THE GREAT FLOOD!" . . 
. . "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC!" . . FULFILLS . . CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY!

CHRIST ALSO STATED THAT IF IT WEREN'T FOR THE FACT THAT HE WILL COME DOWN!
. . "THE SECOND COMING!" . . "SLAVELANDIA DAY?!" . . JULY 4TH . . BY 2027!
. . AND TAKE BACK . . "THE ELECT!" . . "THE BLESSED PEOPLE!" . . THEY WOULD SUFFER!
. . "THE HELL OF HELLS" . . NEVER TO HAVE PLAGUED THE EARTH! BEFORE OR SENSE!

1 For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.

22 And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened.

The Coming of the Son of Man -  "THE SECOND COMING!"

29 “Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 30 Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31 And He will send His angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they will gather together His [d]elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.

​LAKE TAHOE . . BY . . 9/2027! . . HOPEFULLY . . "SLAVELANDIA DAY!" JULY 4, 22!

"THE FINAL TESTAMENT OF JESUS, SARAYU, MAMMA AND FATHER GOD!"
. . LAYS OUT . . SCIENTIFICALLY . . LOGICALLY . . AND . . THEOLOGICALLY!
. . HOW THESE . . "MOST PROFOUND PROPHECIES . . OF . . JESUS CHRIST!"
. . "ARE COMING TRUE!" . . VERY SOON! . .BY 2027! . . MAYBE . . 2022!

CHRIST IS TELLING YOU . . THROUGH ME . . WHAT HE TOLD YOU BEFORE!
. . EVERYTHING IS DERIVED FROM . . "THE NEW TESTAMENT" . . AND . . 
. . ONLY . . "CHRIST'S TEACHINGS!" . . TO . . "FULFILL YET ANOTHER"
. . "MAJOR PROPHECY!" . . "AT THE END TIMES!" . . "MY TESTAMENT" . .
. . "WILL BE TOLD THROUGHOUT THE WORLD!" . . WHICH HE HAS DONE . . 
. . THROUGH ME! . . GIVING ME . . "HIS EYES" . . TO FULFILL THIS PROPHECY!

PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POSTS: "CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY!" WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS ICE FREE!" "STRONG EL NINO COLLAPSE OF THE AMOC & THE 2ND  COMING!" "BECOME ONE II!" TRANS HELL! PASSIONATELY LOVE GOD! NOT MONEY! "LOVE OTHERS WITH GOD'S LOVE!" GIVE YOUR WEALTH & LIFE TO GOD!

RIGGED! KOCHS TAKE OVER COVID & HEALTHCARE! "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" UNLEASHES "HOT STUFF" "GIGATONS OF METHANE!" CAUSED BY STRONG EL NINO EARTHQUAKES SUPER STORMS AMOC COLLAPSE REDUCED ALBEDO BY 2023-2027! ADD "LATENT HEAT OF FUSION!" = "MELTING OF ANTARCTICA!"

"THE IPCC" - THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE - ISSUES . . 
. . "THEIR MOST DIRE WARNING ON THE RISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGE!"

THE ONLY THING THAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THIS IPCC REPORT IS THIS STATEMENT (P 42) ABOUT . . WHAT IS . . NOT . . INCLUDED!

​B.4.3 The magnitude of feedbacks between climate change and the carbon cycle becomes larger but also more uncertain in high CO2 emissions scenarios (very high confidence). However, climate model projections show that the uncertainties in atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 2100 are dominated by the differences between emissions scenarios (high confidence). Additional ecosystem responses to warming not yet fully included in climate models, such as CO2 and CH4 fluxes from wetlands, permafrost thaw and wildfires, would further increase concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere (high confidence).

THE IPCC ACKNOWLEDGES THAT METHANE (CH4) AND CARBON (CO2) . . 
. . RELEASES FROM WETLANDS, PERMAFROST AND WILDFIRES . . 
. . WOULD FURTHER INCREASE ATMOSPHERIC CO2 EMISSIONS BY 2100!

THE IPCC IS TELLING YOU . . THE MOST IMPORTANT DRIVING FORCE! . . . .
. . THAT WILL INSURE RAPID . . NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION (NTHE)!
. . "NON STOPPABLE SIBERIAN METHANE RELEASE!" . . "HOT STUFF!"
. . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING!"
. . WE HAVE DECIDED TO . . NOT . . INCLUDE IN OUR REPORT! . . WHY?

BECAUSE IF WE DID! . . WE WOULD HAVE TO CONCLUDE WHAT . . . . 
. . DR. GUY MCPHERSON, SAM CARANA, MOULTRUP, ETC CONCLUDE!
. . "It Is THE END!" . OF . "RULE BY THE EVIL RUTHLESS RICH & THEIR WHORES!"

ARE YOU F****** KIDDING ME! . . METHANE RELEASES ARE ALREADY . . 
. . DRIVING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 LEVELS! . . AND . . SIBERIAN METHANE LEVELS!
. . ARE RISING . . EXPONENTIALLY! . . WATCH VIDEOS BELOW.

NOV/DEC 2018, I POSTED COPERNICUS METHANE MAPS OF THE ARCTIC!
. . SEE THE THREE COPERNICUS SURFACE METHANE MAPS BELOW!
. . THE FIRST IS 12/9/18 . . LEGEND TOP 75,600 PPB,  MOSTLY RED & YELLOW!
. . THE SECOND MAP 12/13/18 PPB, MOSTLY GREEN, TOP 10,000 PPB!
. . THE THIRD MAP IS 10/3/21 PPB, MOSTLY GREEN, TOP 2,320 PPB!

​WOW! WHY DIDN'T I THINK ABOUT THIS . . NOVEL . . APPROACH!
. . TO SAVING THE PLANET FROM . . "HOT STUFF!" . . NON-STOPPABLE . . 
. . "SIBERIAN METHANE RELEASE!" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!"
. . "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING ON . . TRUMPET COCAINE!"
. . "JUST . . RIGG THE MEHTAN MAPS!" . . HELL! . . "RIGG EVERYTHING!"

​I WAS SCREAMING HOW THE . . "SURFACE METHANE MAP" . . WAS . . 
. . MOSTLY . . RED TO . . "DARK RED!" . . THE TOP LEDGEN FOR . . DARK RED!
. . WAS . . 75,600 PPB! . . OMG! . . THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC LEVEL . . 
. . BEFORE . . THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION! . . 1750 . . RANGED 400-700 PPB!
. . COPERNICUS SHUT DOWN THESE MAPS FROM DEC 9-13, 2018.
. . WHEN THEY CAME BACK UP . . TOP LEGEND . . 10,000 PPB. 
. . WITH MOSTLY . . GREEN . . TO . . YELLOW AREAS! LOW TO MODERATE!
. . THEY RAPIDLY DROPPED THE TOP LEGEND TO 2,320 PPB! MOSTLY GREEN!

RIGGED - COPERNICUS METHANE MAPS - THANK GOD FOR METHANE! LOOK AT THE BLATANTLY OBVIOUS METHANE BEING RELEASED IN THE ARCTIC! BUT YOU EVIL DICKS AND CUNTS DENY IT FOR MORE BILLIONS FOR THE BILLIONAIRES! "THANK GOD!" - - "It Is THE END!"

WHAT ARE THE REAL METHANE RELEASE LEVELS IN SIBERIA? . . GOD KNOWS!

SIBERIAN METHANE LEVELS . . WILL . . RISE . . HYPER EXPONENTALLY! . . WHEN
. . "THE ARCITIC IS COMPLETELY . . ICE FREE!" . . BY 9/25-9/27! AT THE LATEST!

"THE OFFSHORE UNDISCOVERED GAS MAP" . . ON THE RIGHT ABOVE! . . 
. . "THE DARK RED" . . OVER 100 TRILLION CUBIC FEET . . OF GAS ESTIMATED . . 
. . ARE PRIMARILY AROUND . . THE YAMAL PENINSULA! . . WHICH LOGICALLY . . 
. . IS WHERE SCIENTISTS IDENTIFIED . . ROUGHLY 7,000 METHANE PINGOS . . 
​. . ON THE YAMAL PENINSULA ALONE! . . THEY ESTIMATED 100,000 PLUS IN SIBERIA!

​"THE LARGEST RED AREAS" . . ARE . . IN THE BARENTS SEA AND THE KARA SEAS!

THIS IS WHERE THE MASSIVE . . YAMAL NATURAL GAS MEGAPROJECT IS LOCATED! . . 
. . THE LARGEST YAMAL OIL FIELD IS  Bovanenkovo field – 4.9Tcm

OFFSHORE IN THE BARENTS SEA IS THE FOURTH LARGEST NATURAL GAS FIELD . . 

THIS IS THE MEGA FIELD THAT I THINK MAY . . EITHER BURST THE TOP ON!
. . OR RESULT IN MANY . . VERY LARGE SEEPS! . . OR COMBINATION THEREOF!
. . "WHEN" . . "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC" . . UNLEASHES . . "HOT STUFF!"
. . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING!"
. . "EXPLODING" . . SIBERIAN METHANE RELEASE! . . DUE TO ITS BARENT SEA LOCATION!
​
Shtokmn field – 3.9Tcm

Discovered in 1988, is located in the central part of the Russian sector of the Barents Sea, approximately 600km north-east of Murmansk and in water depths of ranging from 320m to 340m.

THE GAS RESERVES ESTIMATE MAP SURELY PLACES THE LARGEST DEPOSITS!
. . AROUND THE . . YAMAL PENINSULA AREA . . THE BARENTS AND KARA SEAS!
. . HOWEVER THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT LIKELY DEPOSITS ALL THE WAY OVER TO . . 
. . "THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF" . . AND . . THIS AREA IS SHALLOWER!
. . INCREASING THE LIKELIHOOD OF METHANE REACHING THE ATMOSPHERE!

"THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF" (ESAS) IS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN, AS THE WATER DEPTS ARE MOSTLY UNDER 100 M (300'), WHICH IS THE CRITICAL DEPTH, BELOW WHICH, MOST OF THE METHANE HYDRATES ARE LIKELY TO ESCAPE TO THE ATMOSPHERE! ABOVE 100 M OR 300', THE METHANE IS MORE LIKELY TO BE ABSORBED INTO THE WATER COLUMN!

​ALTHOUGH I HAVE NOT SEEN ANY STUDIES ON WHAT QUANTITIES OF METHANE MAY REACH THE ATMOSPHERE FROM . . MEGA RELEASES . . AT GREATER DEPTHS.

I WOULD ASSUME THAT THERE IS A . . "SATURATION POINT" . . WHERE WATER . .
. . AT GREATER DEPTHS IS OVERWHELMED BY A . . "MEGA RELEASE" . . OR . .
. . "ONGOING . . MASSIVE SEEPS OVERWHELM THE WATER!" . . AT SAY . . 
. . 320M TO 340 METERS. WHICH IS WHERE THE MASSIVE . . SHTOKMN FIELD 3.9 Tcm!

SHOULD THE CAP ON THIS ONE MASSIVE FIELD . . POP ITS LID! . . "It Is THE END!"
. . WHICH IS PRECISELY WHAT I ANTICIPATE WITH . . "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC!"

THE WATER DEPTHS AROUND THE YAMAL PENINSULA, THE KARA SEA AND . . 
. . THE BARENTS SEA . . ARE STILL UNDER 100 METERS (300') IN MANY AREAS!

MORE IMPORTANTLY . . IGOR SEMELTOV DISCOVERED HIGH CONCENTRATIONS . . 
. . OF METHANE FROM DEPTHS OF 300 METERS (SEE ARTICLE BELOW)
. . WHICH MOST OF THE BARENTS SEA AND THE KARA SEA DEPOSITS ARE AT DEPTHS
. . LESS THAN 300 METERS (SEE MAP BELOW).

THE SHTOKMN FIELD HAS . . 3.9 Tcm OF GAS . . AT 320m to 340m DEPTH! . .
. . THIS IS RUSSIA'S 4TH LARGEST DEPOSIT, SEE ARTICLE, IN THE BARENTS SEA!
. . MEGA METHANE DEPOSITS IN THE KARA AND BARENTS SEA . . ARE A HIGH RISK OF . . 
. . ESCAPING INTO THE ATMOSPHERE WHEN . . "THE ARCTIC IS COMPLETELY ICE FREE!"

DUE TO THE IMPACT OF . . SKYROCKETING WATER TEMPS . . VERY RAPIDLY WARMING
. . PERMAFROST & COLLAPSING IN ON MAJOR GAS RESERVES! . . UNLIKE ON LAND!
. . WHERE IT IS JUST THE . . "HOT AIR" . . WARMING THE PERMAFROST!
. . AND DUE TO THE MANY WAYS THAT FRESH WARM WATER DEGRADES PERMAFROST!
. . FROM THE MANY RIVERS FEEDING INTO THIS AREA AND FROM OTHER OCEANS!
. . THE PERMAFROST DEGRADATION WEIGHT AND RAPIDLY EXPLODING WARM WATER!
. . IN MY OPINION! . . WILL . . RAPIDLY CAUSE THESE MASSIVE DEPOSITS TO ESCAPE!

THE EXPLOSION AND/OR MULTIPLE SEEPS ON THE STOCKHM FIELD . . I ARGUE . . 
. . MAY BE . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" . . "HOT STUFF!" . . INSURING . . 
. . "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!"

A team of 69 scientists from ten countries documented bubble clouds rising from a depth of around 300 metres (985ft) along a 150km (93 mile) undersea slope in the Laptev Sea, and confirmed high methane concentrations by hundreds of onboard chemical analysis.

THE COPERNICUS METHANE MAP FROM . . 12/9/18 . . SHOWING MANY . . 
. . "DARK RED" . . TOP OF THE LEGEND . . 75,600 PPB . . METHANE LEVELS! . . IS . . 
​. . "DIRECTLY ABOVE THIS AREA!" . . CHECK IT OUT ON THE . . 12/9/18 MAP BELOW!

NOTE: HOW THE DARK RED BLOBS ON THE 12/9/18 COPERNICUS METHANE MAP!
. . ARE EXACTLY OVER THE LOCATION OVER THE ESAS TO THE BARENTS SEA WHERE . . 
. . THE DARK RED . . "OFFSHORE UNDISCOVERED GAS RESERVES" ARE! MAP ABOVE!

NOTE: HOW YOU CAN SEE THE SAME BASIC IMAGES ON THE 12/13/18 METHANE MAP!
. . AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE . . PRE-RIGGED METHANE MAP . . 12/9/18! 

INSTEAD OF RED AND DARK RED! . . THE SAME SHAPE IS NOW . . LIGHT GREEN!
INSTEAD OF THE TOP OF THE LEGEND BEING 75,600 PPB! . . IT WAS DROPPED TO 10,000!

RIGGING THE METHANE MAPS! RIGGING EVERYTHING! STEALING EVERYTHING!
​. . DOING . . "THE GLOBAL DEPOPULATION AND GLOBAL POLICE STATE AGENDA!"
. . SATAN'S MAFIA / THE US ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY! . . ENJOY HELL!

"THE COPERNICUS ARCTIC METHANE MAP" . . FOR TODAY . . 4/9/22 AT . .
. . 500 hPa MID ATMOSPHERE . . 15,000' LEVEL. IS MOSTLY DARK RED ABOVE!
. . THE TOP OF THE LEGEND IS . . 2,320! . . ONE CAN ONLY GUESS THE TOP AMOUNT! 

"THE GLOBE METHANE MAP" AT THE SIMILAR MID ATMOSPHERE LEVEL IS 
​. . "DARK RED" . . AT THE TOP OF . . THE GLOBE! . . FROM MASSIVE METHANE RELEASES!

"COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC" "HELL OF HELLS TRIGER!"

"COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC" . . WILL . . EXPLODE . . "SIBERIAN METHANE RELEASE!"
THE BIG DEAL IS THAT . . UNTIL ALL OF THE ICE IS GONE . . THE ICE ABSORBS THE HEAT!
WHEN . . ALL OF THE ICE IS GONE . . "THE WATER TEMPERATURE . . WILL . . EXPLODE!"

DUE TO . . "THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT OF FUSION" . . COUPLED . . WITH GIGATONS . . 
. . OF . . SIBERIAN METHANE . . BEING RELEASED . . IN THE WATER COLUMN!

WATCH THE VIDEO . . "BLUE OCEAN EVENT" . . "WHEN ALL THE ICE IS GONE!"
NOTE HOW THE WATER TEMPERATURE STAYS AT . . 5 C . . UNTIL . . ALL ICE IS GONE!
THEN THE WATER TEMPERATURE RISES . . "EXPONENTIALLY!" . . REALLY FAST!

NOW IMAGINE . . "MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF SIBERIAN METHANE IN THE WATER COLUMN!"
. . THIS WILL DRIVE THE WATER TEMPS . . "HYPER-EXPONENTIALLY!" RADICALLY FAST!

THE BIG CONCERN OF THE . . "RISING COLUMNS OR . . SEEPS . . OF METHANE!" . .
THERE MAY BE A . . "VERY BIG POOL OF METHANE" . . THAT THE SEEP IS COMING FROM!
. . MEGA POOLS OF METHANE WITH POTENTIALLY 5 Gt TO 50 Gt PLUS OF METHANE!

BELOW IS A LIST OF RUSSIA'S TOP KNOWN METHANE DEPOSITS! . . NOT SUPRISINGLY!
. . RUSSIA HAS THE LARGEST RESERVES GLOBALLY 1,688,268,000 MMcf OF GAS! . . 24.3%
. . THE US ONLY RANKS . . 5TH . . LARGEST RESERVES GLOBALLY 368,704,000. . ONLY 5.3%

WESTERN SIBERIA . . AROUND THE YAMAL PENINSULA AREA! . . THE RED AREAS!
. . ON THE . . "ESTIMATED GAS RESERVES MAP!" . . HAS THE LARGEST GAS RESERVES.
. . SO NOT SUPRISINGLY . . THE URENGOY FIELD AT 10.9 Tcm (Trillion cubic meters)
​. . WEST SIBERIA BASIN, IS THE SECOND LARGEST NATURAL GAS FIELD IN THE WORLD.

Urengoy field – 10.9Tcm

Located in the northern West Siberia Basin, the Urengoyskoye gas and condensate field has been in production since 1978.
​
Operated by Gazprom, the Urengoyskoye field is situated in the northern West Siberia Basin in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Spread over 12,000km², the Russian hydrocarbon asset was discovered in 1966.

It is also considered to be the world’s second largest natural gas field.

Bovanenkovo field – 4.9Tcm

Located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the onshore Bovanenkovo field operated by Gazprom has been in production since 2012.

According to Gazprom, Bovanenkovo is the largest field in the Yamal Peninsula on the basis of explored gas reserves and is part of the Yamal megaproject being developed by the company.

Shtokmn field – 3.9Tcm

Discovered in 1988, the Shtokman gas and condensate field is located in the central part of the Russian sector of the Barents Sea, approximately 600km north-east of Murmansk and in water depths of ranging from 320m to 340m.

NOT ONLY COULD THESE LARGE POOLS OF METHANE AROUND . .
​. . THE BARENTS SEA . . "YAMAL PENINSULA" . . AND . . THE KARA SEA . . 
. . TO . . "THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF" . . "BLOW THEIR TOPS!" . . SEE CRATERS!
. . SOME OF THESE . . MEGA PINGOS . . COULD BE SIMILAR TO TWO OF RUSSIA'S
. . LARGEST NATURAL GAS DEPOSITS ON THE YAMAL PENINSULA AND . . 
. . IN THE BARENTS SEA! . . THESE MASSIVE DEPOSITS GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF THE SIZE . .
. . OF SOME OF THE POOLS OF METHANE! . . I FULLY EXPECT MANY NOT TOO DEEP . . 
. . MAY EXPLODE VERY RAPIDLY . . WHEN . . "THE ARCTIC IS COMPLETELY ICE FREE!"

THESE POOLS COULD RELEASE GIGATONS IN . . "LARGE BUBBLING METHANE COLUMNS!"
. . EITHER WAY . . THE LIKELIHOOD OF . . MANY GIGATONS OF METHANE BEING RELEASED
. . WHEN . . "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC" . . HAPPENS . . IS VERY HIGH!

ESPECIALLY ADDING IN THE MASSIVE METHANE RELEASES IN SIBERIA! AND . . 
. . AROUND THE ARCTIC! . . ALTHOUGH NOT AS DENSE! . . THE AMOUNTS ARE HUDGE!

THE LEADING SCIENTIST . . NATALIA SHAKOVA . . ON SIBERIAN METHANE IN 2008!
STATED THAT A . . "50 GIGATON RELEAS OF SIBERIAN METHANE MAY HAPPEN ANY TIME!"

SINCE 2008 . . DR. GUY MCPHERSON HAS BEEN SCREAMING ABOUT . . 
. . "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING!" . . DUE TO THE WORK OF . . IGOR SEMILETOV . . AND . . 
. . NATALIA SHAKOVA . . WHO IN APRIL 2008 SAID . . . . 

"We consider release of up to 50 Gt of predicted amont of hydrate storage possible for abrupt release at any time. That may cause approx 12 times increse of modern atmospheric methane burden with consequent catastrophic greenhouse warming."

SIMPLY A DOUBLE OF THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF METHANE! . . WOULD INSURE . . 
. . NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION! . . THE BIG DEAL . . "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC!"
. . WILL CAUSE . . "WATER TEMPERATURES IN THE ARCTIC TO EXPLODE!"
. . DUE TO . . "THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT OF FUSION!" . . THE HEAT OF THE ARCTIC SUN . . 
. . NO LONGER MELTING ARCTIC ICE! . . INSTEAD . . EXPLODING WATER TEMPERATURES!

EXPLODING WATER TEMPS WILL CAUSE "GIGATONS OF METHANE TO BE RELEASED!"
. . A STRONG EL NINO, EARTHQUAKES AND SUPER STORMS MAY RELEASE GIGATONS!
. . COUPLED WITH . . "THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT" . . CAUSES . . "APOCALYPTIC RELEASE!"

UNDER THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF (ESAS) . . OVER TO THE BARENTS SEA!
ARE POTENTIALLY . . MASSIVE POOLS OF . . SIBERIAN METHANE . . READY TO EXPLODE!

LIKE THE EXPLODED . . "METHANE PINGOS" . . THAT LOOK LIKE CRATERS ON SIBERIA!
SEE THE PICTURES BELOW! . . THESE MASSIVE PINGOS ARE LIKELY ENORMOUS POOLS!
​SIMILAR TO WHAT HAS CREATED . . "HELLS GATE CRATER!" . . ONLY MUCH LARGER!
SIMILAR TO WHAT RUSSIA IS SUCKING METHANE OUT OF FOR . . NATURAL GAS TO SELL!

WHEN THESE MASSIVE POOLS START . . EXPLODING OR RAPIDLY OFF GASING!
. . THE WATER TEMPERATURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE IN SIBERIA WILL RISE . . 
. . "HYPER-EXPONENTIALLY!" . . THE TEMP ON THE "SUMMER SOLSTICE" 2020 . 100.4 F!
. . THIS WAS AN ALL TIME RECORD! . . ONLY TO BE CLOBBERED IN JUNE 2021 . . 118 F!

WAIT UNTIL 2025! . . MY GUESS . . TEMPS IN THE . . 150 F TO 170 F! . . EXPLODING . . 
. . MORE METHANE RELEASE! . . WHAT HAPPENED THE LAST TIME . . "HOT STUFF" AROSE?

Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction

Palaeoworld Volume 25, Issue 4, December 2016, Pages 496-507

Based on measurements of gases trapped in biogenic and abiogenic calcite, the release of methane (of ∼3–14% of total C stored) from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrate is deemed the ultimate source and cause for the dramatic life-changing global warming (GMAT > 34 °C) and oceanic negative-carbon isotope excursion observed at the end Permian. Global warming triggered by the massive release of carbon dioxide may be catastrophic, but the release of methane from hydrate may be apocalyptic.

WITH ONLY 3% TO 14% OF THE METHANE HYDRATES ESTIMATED TO EXIST THEN!
. . 250 MIL YEARS AGO (MYA)! . . WHICH HAVE BEEN ADDED TO MASSIVELY!

GLOBAL TEMPS MORE THAN DOUBLED . . RISING 34 C = 61.2 F! OMG! 

WITH ONLY 2-3 C OF HIGHER GLOBAL TEMPS (GMAT) . . ANDRILL 2007 DOCUMENTED 
. . BOTH WEST AND EAST ANTARCTICA MELTED! . . CAUSING 60-75' OF SEA LEVEL RISE!

ADD . . "THE MONSTER SUPER STORMS" . . AND . . "SUPER STORM SURGE!"
. . KABOOOM! . . THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS! AND MOST OF 12,700 NUCS!

RESULTING IN . . RADIOACTIVE AND ACIDIC OCEANS AND RAINS! . . INSURING . . 

"THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!" . . BY 2030!

MASSIVE . . SIBERIAN METHANE DEPOSITS . . EXIST ON LAND . . AND . . IN THE OCEAN!
. . THE DARK BLUE AREAS (MAPS BELOW) INDICATE CONTINUOUS PERMAFROST >90%

Maps of the Arctic Ocean (AO) highlighting specific features of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS): (a) Predicted areas of hydrate deposits over the AO, including the shallow ESAS, shown in blue (after [14]); (b) bathymetry of the AO; red color refers to depth <50 m [24]. As seen from the panels, the ESAS represents a major fraction of the AO shallow continental shelf.

"THE EAST SIBERIAN SHELF" . . TO . . "THE BARENTS SEA" . . WHERE THE MASSIVE METHANE HYDRATES DEPOSITS EXIST ARE ONLY ROUGHLY 50 M (150') OR LESS DEEP . . IS . . THE BIG DEAL! . . NOT ONLY IS IT EXPECTED TO HOLD VAST QUANTITIES OF METHANE HYDRATES! BECAUSE OF ITS SHALLOW DEPTH! . . AND DUE TO ITS ARCTIC LOCATION!

THE AMOUNT OF METHANE HYDRATES THAT HAVE PILED UP OVER THE PAST 250 MILLION YEARS, SINCE THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION, IS LIKELY ENORMOUS! LOTS OF PLANKTON AND OTHER BASIC LIFE FORMS, COUPLED WITH HIGHER ORDER LIFE REMAINS OF WHALES DOLPHINS, AND OTHER CARBON (GROWTH IN THE OCEAN) HAVE DIED THERE. BEING FROZEN IN THIS STATE REFERRED TO AS "METHANE HYDRATES!"

DUE TO THE . . "SHALLOW DEPTH" . . OF . . "THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF" (ESAS), THE METHANE AS IT IS RELEASED, ESCAPES TO THE ATMOSPHERE. WHERE THE WATER IS DEEPER THAN 300', THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE METHANE RELEASED BEING ABSORBED INTO THE WATER COLUMN IS MUCH HIGHER. 

MASSIVE RESERVES OF METHANE HYDRATES ARE STORED ON THE ESAS! THESE MASSIVE RESERVES . . WILL EXPLODE INTO THE ATMOSPHERE! WHEN . . "THE ARCTIC IS COMPLETELY ICE FREE!"

WHEN . . "THE PIOMAS Arctic Sea Ice Volume" . . HITS . . ZERO! . . IS WHEN . . 
. . "THE ARCTIC IS . . COMPLETELY . . ICE FREE!" . . THIS IS THE LATEST DATE FOR . . 

"THE SECOND COMING!" . . AND . . "THE FINAL JUDGEMENT!" . . BY 2027! PRAY FOR 2022!

Bubbling methane craters and super seeps - is this the worrying new face of the undersea Arctic?
By Valeria Sukhova, Olga Gertcyk
19 November 2020

Video and pictures from latest research mission show gas release in the Laptev and the East Siberian seas.

A team of 69 scientists from ten countries documented bubble clouds rising from a depth of around 300 metres (985ft) along a 150km (93 mile) undersea slope in the Laptev Sea, and confirmed high methane concentrations by hundreds of onboard chemical analysis.

A second discovery is pockmarks and craters sunk deep in shelf sediments of both the Laptev and East Siberian seas, actively venting bubbles and strong methane signals. 

‘All previously discovered fields of methane discharge showed an increase to various degrees, now we need to figure out exactly how much they grew,’ said the head of the expedition Professor Igor Semiletov.

‘One of the new discoveries was a field of sea bottom craters in the shallow part of the Laptev Sea, some of them 30 metres (98 ft) in diameter. 

‘They look like holes in the permafrost and, as our studies showed, they were formed by massive methane discharge. 

‘Also two more powerful seeps emitting methane through iceberg furrows were discovered in the East Siberian Sea.’

‘All previously discovered fields of methane discharge showed an increase to various degrees, now we need to figure out exactly how much they grew,’ said the head of the expedition Professor Igor Semiletov. Pictures: ISSS2020, TPU

The expedition mapped over 1,000 large seep fields (areas of massive methane discharge over 100 metres or 328 ft) and mega seep fields, each over 1,000 metres in linear dimension. 
​
‘We believe these emissions at this stage have not yet any large impact on global atmospheric methane and climate, yet these huge carbon/GHG capacitors are clearly activated’, the expedition communication page said.

Six mega seeps were registered in both the Laptev and the East Siberian seas in what the scientists described as ‘the first comprehensive observation of active release from methane hydrates on the Siberian-Arctic slope system’.

The expedition members spent 40 days on board the Akademik Keldysh research vessel, covering a distance of nearly 6,000 nautical miles.

For the first time the scientists managed to take samples of bottom sediments in a methane seep near the delta of River Lena, one of Siberia’s giant waterways.
​
Along with the Lena, the East Siberian Arctic Shelf is fed by other large Arctic rivers like the Khatanga, Indigirka and Kolyma, which deliver significant quantities of organic matter thus making it particularly vulnerable to climate warming and erosion.

Natural Gas Reserves by Country

​#Country                 Gas Reserves            % OF WORLD RESERVES (MMcf)World

1 Russia                            1,688,228,000            24.3% 
2 Iran                                 1,201,382,000.               17.3% 
3 Qatar                                 871,585,000           12.5% 
4 United States.                 368,704,000              5.3% 
5 Saudi Arabia                    294,205,000              4.2% 
6 Turkmenistan                  265,000,000               3.8% 
7 United Arab Emirates     215,098,000               3.1% 
8 Venezuela                         197,087,000               2.8% 
9 Nigeria                               180,490,000               2.6% 
10 China                                163,959,000               2.4% 

What are the largest natural gas fields in Russia?
OIL & GASUPSTREAMONSHORE

By sbesta  21 Jun 2019 

Russia holds the largest natural gas reserves in the world, with more than half of them located in Siberia. Over 70% of the country's reserves are currently held by Gazprom, a state-owned company.

NOTE: MOST OF THESE FIELDS ARE IN WESTERN SIBERIA!
​. . THE Shtokmn field – 3.9Tcm . . IS IN THE BARENTS SEA!

NS Energy profiles the largest natural gas fields in Russia, based on their reserves in trillion cubic metres (Tcm)

Urengoy field – 10.9Tcm

Located in the northern West Siberia Basin, the Urengoyskoye gas and condensate field has been in production since 1978.
​
Operated by Gazprom, the Urengoyskoye field is situated in the northern West Siberia Basin in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Spread over 12,000km², the Russian hydrocarbon asset was discovered in 1966. It is also considered to be the world’s second largest natural gas field.

Gazprom is currently working on the hard-to-reach Achimov deposits to draw more gas and condensate from the Urengoyskoye field. The C1 (explored) reserves of the Achimov deposits are more than a trillion cubic metres of gas and 400 million tonnes of condensate.

Production from the Achimov deposits has been planned to be achieved through the development of five pilot blocks namely 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A. Of these, Block 2A began producing gas in 2009, followed by Block 1A in 2011.
​
The other three are being prepared for development with Gazprom hoping to draw close to 36.8 billion cubic metres (bcm) per year of gas once all the five blocks hit their full capacity.

Yamburg field – 8.2Tcm

Yamburg, which is operated by Gazprom and located in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Tyumen Oblast, is also the world’s third biggest natural gas field.

Discovered in 1969, the onshore Yamburg oil and gas condensate field was brought into production in 1986 following approximately six years of development work. Like the Urengoyskoye field, Yamburg is also located in West Siberian Basin, and is 148.5km north of the Arctic Circle in the Tazovsky and Nadymsky districts.

In April 2019, Gazpromneft-Zapolyarye, a subsidiary of Gazprom Neft, concluded a long-term risk-based operator agreement with Gazprom subsidiaries, enabling it to start development of Achimov strata at the Yamburg field. Gazprom Neft expects to start commercial production from the Yamburg field’s Achimov deposits in 2024.

According to Gazprom Neft, reserves in place at Achimov deposits at Yamburg are estimated to be 1.2 billion tonnes.

Bovanenkovo field – 4.9Tcm

Located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the onshore Bovanenkovo field operated by Gazprom has been in production since 2012.

According to Gazprom, Bovanenkovo is the largest field in the Yamal Peninsula on the basis of explored gas reserves and is part of the Yamal megaproject being developed by the company.

Bovanenkovo was discovered way back in 1972. The field’s design gas production capacity is 115bcm per year, which is likely to reach 140bcm per year following the development of Neocomian-Jurassic deposits.

The main development target at Bovanenkovo is the Cenomanian-Aptian deposits, which were developed by three gas production facilities commissioned between 2012 and 2018.
​
Gas produced from the Bovanenkovo field is delivered to the Unified Gas Supply System through the Bovanenkovovo–Ukhta and Bovanenkovovo–Ukhta 2 pipelines, which are roughly 1,200km-long each.

Shtokmn field – 3.9Tcm

Discovered in 1988, the Shtokman gas and condensate field is located in the central part of the Russian sector of the Barents Sea, approximately 600km north-east of Murmansk and in water depths of ranging from 320m to 340m.

The Shtokmn field’s C1 (explored) reserves total 3.9Tcm of gas and 56 million tonnes of gas condensate.

In February 2008, Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom, Total, and StatoilHydro signed an agreement to create Shtokman Company to develop the field in three stages. Shtokman Development was formed to organise the project engineering, development, construction, financing, and exploitation of first phase facilities related to the development of the Shtokman field.

Gazprom had 51% stake in Shtokman Development, while Total and StatoilHydro had 25% and 24% stakes, respectively. Gazprom, however, subsequently acquired 100% controlling stake in the company.

Gazprom now operates the gas and condensate prospecting, exploration, and production license within the Shtokman field, which is expected to reach its design capacity of 71.1bcm of gas per year in the third phase of its development.

Zapolyarnoye field – 3.5Tcm

The Zapolyarnoye field is located in the southern part of the Taz District, 220km away from Novy Urengoy, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area.

Discovered in 1965, the field forms part of the Western Siberia oil and gas bearing province and is capable of producing 130bcm of gas per year. It is owned and operated by Gazprom.

Spread over an area of 8,745ha, the field comprises two deposits, namely Cenomanian and Valanginian. Production from the field started in 2001, with the development of the Cenomanian deposits. Gazprom began producing gas and condensate from the deeper Valanginian (Neocomian) deposits in 2011. The field’s production reached the trillion cubic metres mark in December 2012.

A total of five comprehensive gas treatment units (CGTU) are used to produce raw hydrocarbons from Zapolyarnoye field, including three CGTUs to treat gas from the Cenomanian deposits and two CGTUs to treat gas from Valanginian deposits.

The 190km Zapolyarnoye-Urengoy gas trunkline system (GTS) transports the gas produced from the field to the market.

Methane Hydrates and Contemporary Climate Change

By: Carolyn D. Ruppel (U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA) © 2011 Nature Education 

Citation: Ruppel, C. D. (2011) Methane Hydrates and Contemporary Climate Change. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):29

NOTE THE DATE OF THIS PUBLICATION . . 2011! . . WE HAVE KNOWN THE RISKS OF . . 
. . "HOST STUFF!" . . EXPLODING! . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING ON TRUMPET COCAINE!"
. . REALLY SINCE 2008! . . WHEN NATALIA SHAKHOVA STATED THAT A . . 50 Gt RELEASE!
. . WHICH WOULD INCREASE THE GLOBAL BURDEN THEN OF METHANE BY 12 TIMES!
. . DOUBLING THE GLOBAL BURDEN WOULD CAUSE NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION!

As the evidence for warming climate became better established in the latter part of the 20th century (IPCC 2001), some scientists raised the alarm that large quantities of methane (CH4) might be liberated by widespread destabilization of climate-sensitive gas hydrate deposits trapped in marine and permafrost-associated sediments (Bohannon 2008, Krey et al. 2009, Mascarelli 2009). Even if only a fraction of the liberated CH4 were to reach the atmosphere, the potency of CH4 as a greenhouse gas (GHG) and the persistence of its oxidative product (CO2) heightened concerns that gas hydrate dissociation could represent a slow tipping point (Archer et al. 2009) for Earth's contemporary period of climate change.

Methane Hydrate Primer

Methane hydrate is an ice-like substance formed when CH4 and water combine at low temperature (up to ~25ºC) and moderate pressure (greater than 3-5 MPa, which corresponds to combined water and sediment depths of 300 to 500 m). Globally, an estimated 99% of gas hydrates occurs in the sediments of marine continental margins at saturations as high as 20% to 80% in some lithologies; the remaining 1% is mostly associated with sediments in and beneath areas of high-latitude, continuous permafrost (McIver 1981, Collett et al. 2009). Nominally, methane hydrate concentrates CH4 by ~164 times on a volumetric basis compared to gas at standard pressure and temperature. Warming a small volume of gas hydrate could thus liberate large volumes of gas.

A challenge for assessing the impact of contemporary climate change on methane hydrates is continued uncertainty about the size of the global gas hydrate inventory and the portion of the inventory that is susceptible to climate warming. This paper addresses the latter issue, while the former remains under active debate. Dickens (2011) recently estimated 7x102 to 1.27x104 Gt carbon (Gt C) to be sequestered in marine gas hydrates alone, while Shakhova et al. (2010a) estimate 3.75x10/2 Gt C in methane hydrates just on the East Siberian Arctic shelf (ESAS). A conservative estimate (Boswell & Collett 2011) for the global gas hydrate inventory is ~1.8x103 Gt C, corresponding to CH4 volume of ~3.0x10/15 m3 if CH4 density is taken as 0.717 kg/m3. In the unlikely event that 0.1% (1.8 Gt C) of this CH4 were instantaneously released to the atmosphere, CH4 concentrations would increase to ~2900 ppb from the 2005 value of ~1774 ppb (IPCC 2007).

Why Methane Matters

Concern about the long-term stability of global gas hydrate deposits is rooted in the potential impact that a large CH4 release might have on global climate. CH4 is ~20 times more potent than CO2 as a GHG, but it oxidizes to CO2 after about a decade in the atmosphere. In recent models, the longer-lived CO2 oxidation product (Archer et al. 2009), not the CH4 itself (e.g., Harvey & Huang 1992), is credited with causing most of the excess atmospheric warming that would follow large-scale dissociation of methane hydrates.

SAM CARANA ESTIMATES THE ONE YEAR . . GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL . . 
. . OF METHANE VS CARBON . . AT . . 200 TIMES CARBON . . GWP 200!
. . IN THE TEN YEAR PERIOD . . 134 TIMES! . . VS THE . . 100 YR GWP AT 20-34!

The present-day concentration of CH4 in the atmosphere is ~200 times lower than that of CO2, but CH4 concentrations have risen by ~150% since pre-industrial times, compared to only ~40% for CO2 (IPCC 2001). Rising atmospheric CH4 concentrations lead to more rapid depletion of the hydroxyl radicals needed for oxidation, longer CH4 residence times, and thus increased CH4-induced warming (Lelieveld et al. 1998). Present-day CH4 emissions are dominated by wetlands, ruminants, fossil fuel production, and rice cultivation (IPCC 2001), sources that fluctuate with season, human behavior, and other factors. The IPCC (2001, 2007) relies on estimates and models (Fung et al. 1991, Lelieveld et al. 1998, Wang et al. 2004) to attribute ~3.75x10-4 Gt C (IPCC 2001), or ~1% of annual global CH4 emissions, to dissociating gas hydrates. This estimate has never been validated, nor do any observational data unequivocally link specific CH4emissions or regionally integrated CH4 fluxes to dissociating gas hydrates. Against the backdrop of a well-mixed atmosphere, strong annual fluctuations, and a significant increase in CH4 concentrations over the 20th century, detecting a CH4 signal that is directly attributable to dissociating gas hydrates may always remain challenging.

Gas Hydrates and Past Warming Events

The geologic record is punctuated by warming events that may provide clues about future interactions between methane hydrates and climate change. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at ~54.95 Ma is the most intensely studied of these hyperthermals(e.g., Dickens et al. 1995, Schmidt & Shindell 2003, Renssen et al. 2004, Zachos et al. 2001, 2005, Röhl et al. 2007). The large, negative carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) recorded in both marine and terrestrial sediments during the PETM has been interpreted as reflecting widespread release of isotopically-light (microbial) carbon from dissociating marine methane hydrates (e.g., Dickens et al. 1995, Zachos et al. 2005). This explanation is also invoked to explain CIEs in other deep-time warm periods (Hesselbo et al. 2000, Jiang et al. 2003). Negative CIEs also undergird the clathrate gun hypothesis (CGH), which postulates that repeated warming of intermediate ocean waters during the Late Quaternary (since 400 ka) triggered periodic dissociation events (Kennett et al. 2003).Ice core data (Sowers 2006) and geologic studies (Maslin et al. 2003) have challenged the CGH, while Bock et al. (2010) and Petrenko et al. (2009) question the role of gas hydrate dissociation in contributing to increased atmospheric CH4 during more recent warming events as well. Northern hemisphere wetlands, which may experience increased production of isotopically-light CH4 in response to local warming, appear to be the key culprit in enhancing atmospheric CH4 concentrations during several Pleistocene (~2.6 Ma to 10 ka) and Holocene (since 10 ka) warming events.

Fate of Contemporary Methane Hydrates During Warming Climate

The susceptibility of gas hydrates to warming climate depends on the duration of the warming event, their depth beneath the seafloor or tundra surface, and the amount of warming required to heat sediments to the point of dissociating gas hydrates. A rudimentary estimate of the depth to which sediments are affected by an instantaneous, sustained temperature change DT in the overlying air or ocean waters can be made using the diffusive length scale 1 = √kt , which describes the depth (m) that 0.5 DT will propagate in elapsed time t (s). kdenotes thermal diffusivity, which ranges from ~0.6 to 1x10-6 m2/s for unconsolidated sediments. Over 10, 100, and 1000 yr, the calculation yields maximum of 18 m, 56 m, and 178 m, respectively, regardless of the magnitude of DT. In real situations, DT is usually small and may have short- (e.g., seasonal) or long-term fluctuations that swamp the signal associated with climate warming trends. Even over 103 yr, only gas hydrates close to the seafloor and initially within a few degrees of the thermodynamic stability boundary might experience dissociation in response to reasonable rates of warming. As discussed below, less than 5% of the gas hydrate inventory may meet these criteria.

Even when gas hydrate dissociates, several factors mitigate the impact of the liberated CH4 on the sediment-ocean-atmosphere system. In marine sediments, the released CH4 may dissolve in local pore waters, remain trapped as gas, or rise toward the seafloor as bubbles. Up to 90% or more of the CH4 that reaches the sulfate reduction zone (SRZ) in the near-seafloor sediments may be consumed by anaerobic CH4 oxidation (Hinrichs & Boetius 2002, Treude et al. 2003, Reeburgh 2007, Knittel & Boetius 2009). At the highest flux sites (seeps), the SRZ may vanish, allowing CH4 to be injected directly into the water column or, in some cases, partially consumed by aerobic microbes (Niemann et al. 2006).

Methane emitted at the seafloor only rarely survives the trip through the water column to reach the atmosphere. At seafloor depths greater than ~100 m, O2 and N2 dissolved in ocean water almost completely replace CH4 in rising bubbles (McGinnis et al. 2006). Within the water column, oxidation by aerobic microbes is an important sink for dissolved CH4 over some depth ranges and at some locations (e.g., Mau et al. 2007). These oxidizing microbial communities are remarkably responsive to environmental changes, including variations in CH4 concentrations. For example, rapid deepwater injection of large volumes of CH4 led to dramatically increased oxidation in the northern Gulf of Mexico in 2010 (Kessler et al. 2011, Yvon-Lewis et al. 2011). Water column CH4 oxidation mitigates the direct GHG impact of CH4 that is emitted at the seafloor, but it also depletes water column O2, acidifies ocean waters, and leads to the eventual release of the product CO2 to the atmosphere after residence times (Liro et al. 1993) of <50 years (water depths up to 500 m) to several hundred years (more profound water depths).

Global Warming and Gas Hydrate Type Locales

​Methane hydrates occur in five geographic settings (or sectors) that must be individually evaluated to determine their susceptibility to warming climate (Figure 1). The percentages assigned to each sector below assume that 99% of global gas hydrate is within the deepwater marine realm (McIver 1981, Collett et al. 2009). Future refinements of the global ratio of marine to permafrost-associated gas hydrates will require adjustment of the assigned percentages. Owing to the orders of magnitude uncertainty in the estimated volume of CH4 trapped in global gas hydrate deposits, the percentages below have not been converted to Gt C.

Figure 1a: Gas hydrate sectors and their response to climate change.
​
Schematic cross-section from a high-latitude ocean margin (onshore permafrost and shallow offshore subsea permafrost) in Sectors 1 and 2 on the left, across a generic upper continental slope (Sector 3), and into a deepwater marine gas hydrate system (Sector 4) and an area of gas seeps on the right (Sector 5). The horizontal scale on Arctic Ocean margins may range from less than 102 to 103 km. GHSZ sediments usually have low saturations of methane hydrate, except in permeable sand layers shown here with coarser-grained texture. Ice-bonding within permafrost follows similar relationships. New microbial CH4 (green) can be formed where labile organic carbon is available, including within the GHSZ, beneath lakes in permafrost areas, and in newly thawed sediments above subsea or terrestrial permafrost. Red zones at and below the seafloor denote anaerobic CH4 oxidation (coinciding with sulfate reduction), which occurs in zones that thin with increasing CH4 flux. The orange zone onshore denotes seasonal aerobic CH4 oxidation in the annually thawed active layer. CH4 oxidation associated with lakes in permafrost is not depicted. Methane, not necessarily derived from gas hydrates, is emitted directly to the atmosphere at ebullition sites in shallow lakes within permafrost and probably in open water on shallow Arctic shelves. Methane emitted at the seafloor at greater water depths is not likely to reach the atmosphere.

PLEASE READ THE PRIOR FOUR POSTS, THE MOST CRITICAL, ON "GOD'S SITE!"

"PUTIN'S WWIII BURNS UP PLANET EVIL GREED FAST!" YEAH! "VLAD/TRUMP 2024!" & "MAKE AMERICA RUSSIA AGAIN!" INSTEAD OF UKRAINE WAR! SIBERIAN METHANE IS EXPLODING! "MAKE AMERICA DENMARK NOW!" NOW! GO OUT "CHOOSING GOD!" "NOT MONEY!" 100% RENEWABLE!

THE MOST CRITICAL POST ON GOD'S SITE: ​WELCOME TO "THE END OF THE WORLD!" "THANK GOD!" "It Is THE END!" PUTIN STARTS WWIII! 1 "THE FINAL JUDGEMENT" BY 2027! DURING "THE SECOND COMING!" MOST BLESSED - "NORDIC MODEL SUPPORTERS!" THE MOST DAMNED "THE EVIL RICH & RIGHT WING ANTI-CHRISTIANS!"

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Scientists say IPCC climate report holds back against fossil-fuel interests

​Experts say criticism of oil and gas’s ‘climate-blocking activities’ cut from final draft, reflective of industry’s power and influence

13:06 UTC Tuesday, 05 April 2022

The fossil fuel industry and its influence over policy was the major elephant in the room looming over the release of the third and final report, out this week, from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world’s leading climate authority. The major source of contention: how do you talk about mitigating climate change without confronting the fossil fuel industry? “It’s like Star Wars without Darth Vader,” says environmental sociologist Robert Brulle, of Brown University.

The fossil fuel industry and its influence over policy was the major elephant in the room looming over the release of the third and final report, out this week, from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world’s leading climate authority. The major source of contention: how do you talk about mitigating climate change without confronting the fossil fuel industry? “It’s like Star Wars without Darth Vader,” says environmental sociologist Robert Brulle, of Brown University.

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The first two reports, both released over the last year, highlighted the physical science on climate effects and countries’ vulnerability to further warming. But this third report deals more with the potential solutions, which have been a focal point of controversy in recent years for both the fossil fuel industry and the governments of oil-rich nations.

Social scientists were successful in pushing for more of their research to be included in the IPCC’s reports, with chapters that touch on everything from debunking claims that less developed countries need fossil fuels to help tackle poverty to a rundown of efforts to block climate policy. The report made one thing abundantly clear: the technologies and policies necessary to adequately address climate change exist, and the only real obstacles are politics and fossil fuel interests.

The role of the fossil fuel industry is highlighted throughout the report’s nearly 3,000 pages, but researchers note it was mysteriously absent from the “Summary for Policymakers” – traditionally the first part of the report that’s released and often attracts the most media attention. An earlier draft of the summary leaked to the Guardian, however, described the fossil fuel industry and others invested in a high-carbon economy as “vested interests” that have actively worked against climate policy, noting: “Factors limiting ambitious transformation include structural barriers, an incremental rather than systemic approach, lack of coordination, inertia, lock-in to infrastructure and assets, and lock-in as a consequence of vested interests, regulatory inertia, and lack of technological capabilities and human resources.”

Brulle, whose research is cited multiple times in the report, was dismayed to see the cut. “The scientists clearly did their job and provided ample material on climate obstruction activities in the report,” he says. “The political process of creating the Summary for Policymakers ended up editing all of this information out.”

Unlike the research-heavy chapters, which are controlled entirely by the scientists who research and write them, the Summary for Policymakers must be approved by government representatives from 195 countries around the world; the approval process for this year’s mitigation report was the longest and most contentious in the history of the IPCC. According to leaked reports, representatives from Saudi Arabia in particular argued for multiple references to carbon capture and storage and the watering down of language on shutting down fossil fuel production.

Oil company representatives were also included in this process as both authors and editors of the report, which has been the case since the IPCC began. For the latest report, a senior staffer for Saudi Aramco – Saudia Arabia’s state-owned oil and gas company – was one of the two coordinating lead authors, a position of considerable influence, for the chapter on cross-sector perspectives. A longtime Chevron staffer was also the review editor for the chapter on energy systems.
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“Obviously, none of this was secret,” notes Julia Steinberger, professor of ecological economics at the University of Lausanne, and a lead author of the section on mitigation pathways compatible with long-term goals. While authors and contributors are required to disclose their affiliations, Steinberger says that contributions from oil industry insiders represent an untenable conflict of interest.
“Just because a person fills out forms does not mean that they don’t have other interests at heart that are not reflective of the science and the public interest, but more reflective of their employer.”

Despite the influence of oil companies and oil-rich nations, the report does still highlight the fossil fuel industry’s influence on policymaking, and eviscerates some of the industry’s favorite myths. In the new chapter on “Demand, Services and Social Aspects of Mitigation”, for example, researchers challenged the long-held belief that fossil fuel consumption is entirely driven by demand. “What we were able to demonstrate was actually the contrary: there is no sustainable development or development, full stop, possible without climate mitigation,” said Steinberger, who was a contributing author on the chapter.

“Unless you mitigate climate, the impacts are going to catch you every step of the way and just make people’s lives increasingly hard and miserable, especially in the global south.”

The connection between social justice and climate mitigation is one that runs throughout the report. “People are beginning to realize how serious the climate crisis is, and that the ways to meet the challenges of the climate crisis – moving to low-carbon energy, looking after the environment, shifting transport – tend to also improve energy security, justice, social concerns, there are a lot of win-wins and co-benefits,” says Catherine Mitchell, professor of energy policy at Exeter University, and one of the two coordinating lead authors on the chapter focused on policy.

Social scientists hoping to make further inroads into not only the IPCC process, but policymaking more broadly, have a chicken-and-egg problem, according to Dana Fisher, director of the program for society and the environment at the University of Maryland and a contributing author to chapter 13. Fisher’s research focuses on the impact that activism has had on climate policymaking.